Gameplay Guide: Meet the Pack

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To the untrained eye, roller derby might look like a jumble of wheels, elbows, and chaos.

But for those of us in the thick of it, the game’s entire structure revolves around a single, mutable, and non-negotiable concept: The Pack.

The pack is the engine of every play, the source of every strategic advantage, and the reason for half the whistles you hear. Let’s pull back the curtain.

The Pack Defined: It’s a Zone, Not Just People

Officially, the Pack is the largest group of in-bounds blockers, containing members from both teams, who are skating in proximity (within 10 feet) of one another.

WFTDA’s official rulebook defines the pack as:

The Pack is the largest group of in bounds and upright blockers in proximity and containing members from both teams.  If no single group of blockers meets this definition, there is no pack, even if there are multiple groups of the same size. Proximity is defined as not more than 10 ft (3.05m), in front of or behind the nearest pack skater. When a skater is penalized, they are considered to no longer be on the track for the purposes of pack definition and relative position determinations.

Think of it this way: The pack is a 10-foot force field of engagement that travels around the track.

You are either inside this legal zone, able to block and be blocked, or you are “out of play.”

The pack itself is a living entity on the track; it can stretch, compress, and move, but it can never legally cease to exist. When skaters forget that, penalties fly.

Maintain, Don’t Destroy

Your primary duty as a blocker is to maintain a legal pack. “Destroying the pack” is a major penalty, and it happens through two phases:

  1. No Pack / Broken Pack (Warning): The referees shout “NO PACK!” when the definition is broken—typically because the blockers from one team have collectively put more than 10 feet of gap between themselves and the blockers of the other team. This is a warning siren. The game hasn’t stopped, but you’re on the brink.
  2. Destroyed Pack (Penalty): If the situation isn’t corrected quickly and intentionally, the pack is destroyed. The referees will assign penalties to the skater(s) they judge responsible for creating the illegal gap, whether by speeding away or braking too hard.

Classic Destruction Scenarios:

  • The Runaway Wall: Your line of blockers accelerates full-throttle to get ahead of the opposing jammer, leaving the other team’s blockers in the dust. Penalty.
  • The Brick Wall Stop: Your entire wall stops dead to trap an opponent, while the opposing blockers maintain speed 15 feet ahead. Penalty.

The moral: You must remain in relative engagement distance with the opposition. It’s a dance, not a solo sprint.

Want to fiddle around with the pack in real-time? This pack simulator is a great tool for getting your bearings.

Try the NURDS pack simulator


The Pack vs. The Engagement Zone

Another thing it’s important to note when thinking about the pack is the engagement zone.

Let’s refer back to WFTDA again:

The engagement zone is the area in which it is legal for Blockers to engage or be engaged.  The engagement zone extends forward and backward 20 ft (6.10m) from the foremost and rearmost pack skaters, respectively. Any blocker outside of the engagement zone is out of play and cannot engage or be engaged.

Knowing the difference between the pack and the engagement zone is pretty crucial, since both of these elements govern who is an active participant in the game. The pack is the specific, defining group of blockers; those within 10 feet of each other. Think of it as the core. The engagement zone is the larger sphere of action that extends 20 feet in front of and 20 feet behind the foremost and rearmost skaters in that pack. If you’re anywhere within this zone, you are legally “in play” and can block and be blocked.

The key distinction lies in consequence and function. The pack’s integrity is mandatory; breaking it yields penalties. The engagement zone’s boundaries determine eligibility. A skater who is more than 20 feet outside the pack is “out of play.” That means no active blocking until you yield and re-enter the zone legally.

Strategically, this means you can use speed or positioning to legally render an opponent “out of play” by moving the pack away from them, effectively neutralizing their ability to impact the game without committing a penalty. The pack is the anchor; the engagement zone is the actionable territory that shifts with it.

Advanced Pack Dynamics: When it’s Broken, When it’s Destroyed, and Who’s to Blame

  • Who Gets the Penalty? Generally, the referees penalize the last skater(s) responsible for creating or increasing the illegal gap. If you’re the one who sprinted ahead or slammed on the brakes, the finger is pointing at you.
  • The “Out of Play” Consequence: If you are more than 20 feet outside the pack (ahead or behind), you are “out of play.” You cannot block or assist. To re-enter play, you must yield to opposing blockers and re-enter the pack legally without engaging. It’s a position of pure vulnerability.


Weaponizing the Pack

This is where games are won. Controlling the pack’s location and speed is the ultimate defensive and offensive tool.

1. Bridging: The Legal Slow-Down

This is a deliberate strategy to slow the pack’s progress, usually to allow your own jammer (who is a lap behind) to catch up and score.

  • How it works: One or two blockers detach slightly ahead of the main pack, staying within that critical 10-foot margin. They act as a “bridge,” offering gentle resistance to the forward motion of the opposing blockers.
  • The Tightrope: Stray more than 10 feet ahead, and your bridge is now “out of play” and useless. More critically, if your action causes the gap between teams to exceed 10 feet, you risk a destroyed pack penalty. Success requires feather-light control and constant communication with your main wall (“Hold steady!”).

2. Pace-Lining: The Engine Room

Your wall, by controlling its collective speed, controls the pack. A unified wall is a commanding wall.

  • “Go!” Strategy: Need to pull the opposing blockers away from your scoring jammer? Your wall gradually increases pace, forcing the pack to move faster and creating distance.
  • “Stop!” Strategy: Need to let your own jammer re-enter the pack quickly from behind? Your wall collectively reduces speed (without stopping dead!), shrinking the pack and allowing quick catch-up.

3. Scenario-Based Pack Strategy:

  • Your Jammer is in the Penalty Box: Your goal is damage control. Slow the pack’s pace to a crawl (legally!) to minimize the opposing jammer’s scoring pass. Think constant, light resistance, not a full stop.
  • The Pack is Splitting on a Turn: This is a high-risk moment. Communicate urgently (“CLOSE THE INSIDE!”) and adjust your wall’s positioning to ensure the opposing blockers remain within the 10-foot engagement zone. Don’t let the track geometry break your pack for you.


The Blocker’s Pack Checklist:

  • Awareness Beats Strength: Always know where the nearest opposing blocker is. Your 10-foot rule is measured from them.
  • Communicate Constantly: “Pack is here!” Your voice is your strategic comms system.
  • Move as a Single Organism: A coordinated wall controls the game. A scattered wall gets penalized and scored on.
  • On “NO PACK,” Re-Engage: The instant you hear the call, the safest move is to legally close the gap with the nearest opposing skater. Fix it first, ask questions later.


Mastering the pack transforms your role. You stop being just an obstacle and start being a director of play, manipulating the very framework of the game to your team’s advantage. This is the cerebral core of roller derby. Now get on the track and command the zone.

Ready to test your knowledge? The best way to learn is to ask your referees to run a pack scenarios drill. Trust us, there’s no substitute for feeling the 10-foot rule in real-time.

Gameplay Guide: On-Track Communication

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Anyone who’s seen a roller derby game will know that it can get pretty noisy. 

The screech of the wheels, the toot of the whistles, the collective “oof” of the crowd when someone lands a particularly spectacular hit: all coming together in a beautiful cacophony of sound like no other. 

But there’s one aspect of this symphony that’s especially important, and that’s the on-track communication. 

While it may sound like discordant yelling from the outside, the communication that happens between teams during a jam is a crucial part of effective gameplay. Roller derby is a team sport. It’s also a fast-moving, often chaotic sport where knowing what’s happening, where, and to whom is a major advantage. And the best way to make sure everyone is on the same page is to talk to each other. 

Communicating with your teammates on track and letting people know what’s going on around you means you can respond quickly, effectively, and collectively, putting you in the best possible position to make impactful moves.

Comms in action

Picture the scene. You’re a butt in a three-wall, and the jammer is doing their very best to move you and break through the seam. But if you don’t tell your teammates what the jammer is doing and where they’re focusing their efforts, they can’t help you push back. The jammer gets a shoulder in, knocks you out of the way, and flies off to net more points. 

It doesn’t have to be this way! Enter the power of constant comms. This time, when the jammer is putting all their weight on your side of the wall, you’re going to communicate with your teammates. 

“Jammer on me!” 

Now your brace knows where the action is happening, they can offer more support. Your fellow butt can get lower and help you dig the jammer out. And as a wall, you’ll all know where the jammer is leaning in case they make a break for it. 

That simple statement means your team is putting in the work where it’s most effective in that moment, and that they’ll be better prepared for whatever the jammer’s next move is. 

Communication is just as vital in the moments before and after the jammer engages with the pack. When a jammer breaks through your wall, you need to catch them and reform as fast as possible—something that’s near-impossible to do without talking to each other. 

Unless your team has developed some kind of psychic hivemind (in which case, please let us know how you did that), you’re going to need to communicate so you can reform quickly and cleanly. 

How do you know what kind of wall you’re going to form? How do you know who’s going to brace? How do you know which side of the track the jammer is headed to?

If one of your blocks hasn’t caught up and you need to make do with a two-wall, tell your teammates. If you think you’re in the best position to take brace, tell your teammates. If you see the jammer moving towards the inside line, tell your teammates. 

Building good habits

When there’s so much going on during gameplay, it can be hard to get out of your head and externalise what you’re seeing and experiencing. It’s especially hard when you’re new to the game and sometimes unsure of what on earth is happening around you. But the importance of communication absolutely can’t be understated, and getting into the habit of talking to your teammates will pay off massively, right now and in the long term. 

Encouraging communication helps everyone play better, learn faster, and build a more cohesive team. To borrow a phrase from the British Transport Police: “See it. Say it. Sorted.”

A quick and dirty roller derby communication guide

To help you level up your on-track communication, we’ve put together a handy guide to some things you might hear during gameplay, what they mean, and how to respond.

  • Five seconds: The jam is about to begin—get ready!
  • Jammer on: The jammer is approaching the pack. Time to wall up, cover as much of the track as possible, and get ready to catch them.
  • Close the seam: The jammer is about to make impact with the wall. Get low, and close the gap between butts nice and tight; shoulder to shoulder, elbow to elbow.
  • On the inside/on the outside: The jammer is approaching on the inside/outside of the track. Get into position and cover the line so there’s no space for them to sneak through. 
  • Jammer on me: Your teammate is telling you that the jammer is pushing on them. Give them some extra support so they can stop the jammer from pushing through. 
  • Rotate: The jammer is trying to move around the wall. Rotate the three-wall to catch them without breaking the wall. (And remember to drop your arms as wall positions change!)
  • Lost them: Your teammate is telling you that the jammer has broken past them or through the wall. Chase them and reform the wall while they’re still in the engagement zone. 
  • Wall up/reform: Find your fellow blockers and get back into your tripod/three-wall formation to prepare for another jammer pass.
  • Wall on me/on me: Your teammate is telling you to reform the wall and that they’ll be brace. Get into position as a butt on whichever side you’re closest to. 
  • Bums on/butts on/suck back: Move back and take the jammer’s space by sitting on them to take away their wiggle room.
  • Run them back/take them back: The jammer has been knocked out of bounds. Whoever is in the best position to do so should skate clockwise (anti-derby direction) and recycle them to the end of the engagement zone, causing them to lose their position on track.
  • Push them out/knock them out: Your teammate is suggesting you try to hit the jammer out of bounds (usually when you’re close to the line).
  • Offense: Your teammate wants you to run offense and help your jammer get through the pack by breaking up your opponents’ wall or getting in their blockers’ way.
  • Power jam: One of the jammers has been sent to the penalty box, leaving only one jammer on track. This is likely to trigger a change in strategy, either to full offense if your jammer is the one left on track, or extra tight defense if the other team’s jammer is now the only one able to score points. 
  • No pack: The pack has broken up. Yield and reform the pack so play can continue.